Diagnosis of fibromyalgia: diagnostic feasibility and accuracy of thermography

INTRODUCTION: Studies have suggested using thermography as a resource to diagnose fibromyalgia, although there has been no evidence confirming this hypothesis so far. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of computerized infrared thermography as an auxiliary method for diagnosing fibromyalgia. METHODS: It is a diagnostic accuracy studywith cross-sectional design. One hundred and three individuals were evaluated for global pain using the Visual Analogue Scale. The measurement of pain at tender points was assessed by algometry, and skin temperature was assessed by thermography. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity, the analysis was performed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, measured by the area under the curve with their respective confidence intervals. RESULTS: Thermography has not been very sensitive or specific for pain (tender points) and diagnosis of fibromyalgia, according to the evaluation of the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, with an area under the curve equal to or lower than 0.75. CONCLUSION: In this study the thermography was not sensitive and specific as a tool for diagnosing the fibromyalgia syndrome. This study highlights important clinical implications concerning the current methods for diagnosing it, which, despite all efforts, are still subjective and poorly reproducible.

Balance impairment and lower limbs strength in patients with COPD who fell in the previous year.

Fall-related causes in patients with COPD might be associated to functional balance impairments and greater disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the reasons for falls in patients with COPD who had presented any fall during the previous year. This is a cross-sectional study. All COPD's GOLD classifications (mild, moderate, severe, and very severe) patients were recruited. In order to participate, patients ought to be clinically stable and without any exacerbation within 30 days prior to study entry. History of falls was self-reported by patients through an interview. Pre and post bronchodilator (salbutamol 400 µg) spirometry was performed. All patients accomplished postural balance tests such as the Berg Balance Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International, Time up and Go, Functional Reach test, Tinetti test and Chalder Scale; furthermore, lower limbs muscle strength (muscle dynamometry) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were assessed. Ninety-six patients with COPD were evaluated and divided into two groups stratified according to any positive history of falls in the previous year. Patients with COPD who had any fall in the previous year presented older age (p=0.01), higher BMI (p=0.04) and worse pulmonary function than those who did not fall. The risk of falls was increased in patients with lower muscle strength in the lower limbs (OR 2.9, CI 95%;1.6 to 3.9), age greater than 65 years (OR 2.7, CI 95%;1.3 to 3.4), BMI greater than 28.8 kg/m2 (OR 3.2, CI 95%;1.1 to 5.6), very severe airway obstruction (OR 3.9, CI 95%;2.2 to 3.9) and fatigue (OR 3.2, CI 95%;1.5 to 5.3). Impaired body balance, reduced lower limb strength, disease severity, presence of fatigue and elevated BMI are important factors for falls in patients with COPD.

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da hidroterapia e método Pilates sobre a capacidade funcional de pacientes portadores de fibromialgia / Comparativestudy of the effects of hydrotherapy and the Pilates method on the functional capacity of fibromyalgia patients

A síndrome da fibromialgia é complexa e a hidroterapia e os exercícios contido no método Pilates podem ser uma alternativa não farmacológico no tratamento destes pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da hidroterapia e do método Pilates sobre a redução da dor, melhora da capacidade funcional e da qualidade do sono em pacientes com fibromialgia. Método: Estudo prospectivo no qual foram avaliados 80 pacientes do sexo feminino com diagnóstico clínico de SF, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, o Grupo I realizava tratamento por meio da hidroterapia e o grupo II por meio do método Pilates. A dor foi avaliada por meio da EVA e da algometria, a qualidade de vida dos pacientes foi avaliada (QIF), qualidade do sono por meio (IQSP), o grau de sonolência durante oito atividades rotineiras por meio da escala de Epworth todos foram realizados antes e após tratamento. Resultados: 50 pacientes com SF fizeram parte do estudo, deste 30 foram para o GI e 20 para GII, média global da idade foi 50,8±12,5. Houve redução do impacto global da doença na vida dos pacientes de ambos os grupos. Ambos os grupos melhoraram igualmente qualidade do sono. Houve melhora da dor medida por ambos os métodos (p<0,0001) e (p=0,013) grupo I e II respectivamente. Conclusão: A hidroterapia e os exercícios do método Pilates se mostraram igualmente eficazes na redução do impacto global, melhora do sono e capacidade funcional em pacientes com fibromialgia

Fibromyalgia syndrome is complex and the hydrotherapy and Pilates exercises may be a non-pharmacological alternative in the treatment of these patients. Objective: To evaluate the effects of hydrotherapy and the Pilates method on pain reduction, improvement of functional capacity and sleep quality in fibromyalgia patients. Method: A prospective study in which 80 female patients with clinical diagnosis of DES were randomly assigned to two groups. Group I underwent treatment using hydrotherapy and group II under the Pilates method. Pain was assessed by VAS and algometry, patients' quality of life (QIF), sleep quality by PSQI, degree of sleepiness during eight routine activities using the Epworth scale were all performed. before and after treatment. Results: Fifty patients with DES were part of the study, of which 30 were for GI and 20 for GII; overall mean age was 50.8 ± 12.5. There was a reduction in the overall impact of the disease on patients' lives in both groups. Both groups also improved sleep quality. There was pain improvement measured by both methods (p <0.0001) and (p = 0.013) group I and II respectively. Conclusion: Touch hydrotherapy as Pilates solo exercises are effective in treating fibromyalgia patient

Short and long term effect of treatment non-pharmacological and lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder represented by a set of cardiovascular risk factors usually related to central fat deposition, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in response to chronic inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction, increasing overall mortality. The objective to evaluate the short and long term effect of the comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program and intensive lifestyle intervention in metabolic syndrome patients. METHODS: This is longitudinal interventional study. All patients underwent a 20-session cardiac rehabilitation program with aerobic and resisted exercises as well as an educational program for lifestyle changes and follow up 1 year. RESULTS: Forty seven patients participated in the present study, but only 28 concluded the follow up. 77.7% were females and the majority was older than 60 years (63.1%). After cardiac rehabilitation, the percentage of overweight (0.04) patients who controlled the SBP (0.04) increased, and obesity levels I and II were reduced, as well as a significant reduction in total cholesterol and triglycerides (0.01 and 0.05), all of these variables remained similar after 1 year of follow-up. After cardiac rehabilitation all participants were practicing the five factors of healthy lifestyle, and reduced to 73% after follow up. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program and lifestyle change is an effective approach in the treatment of patients with MS mainly, it has positive short and long term effects on weight control, reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides.

Sensibilidade e especificidade de testes para avaliar o equilíbrio corporal em diabéticos / Test sensitiveness and specificity to evaluate body equilibrium in people with diabetes

Esta investigação objetivou Avaliar sensibilidade e especificidade de testes para diagnosticar alteração do equilíbrio corporal em diabéticos com e sem histórico de quedas. Estudo transversal com 120 diabéticos tipo II. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: escala de equilíbrio de Berg, avaliação da marcha e equilíbrio orientada pelo desempenho de Tinetti, Dynamics Gait Index e o Falls Efficacy Scale ­ International. A escala Falls Efficacy Scale ­ International foi quem apresentou maior área debaixo da curva quando analisada isoladamente para alteração do equilíbrio corporal. Quando analisado conjuntamente com todos os demais testes o instrumento de Tinetti teve maior área debaixo da curva. Em relação à sensibilidade os instrumentos apresentaram resultados semelhantes e a escala de equilíbrio de Berg, seguido do Dynamics Gait Index, apresentaram menor especificidade respectivamente para esta amostra. Assim quando analisados individualmente os instrumentos, estes apresentaram-se semelhantemente sensíveis. Entretanto, quando analisados simultaneamente a escala de Tinetti se apresentou mais discriminante apesar de não haver diferença significante entre os instrumentos. Sugere-se ainda que para a população diabética pontos de corte ótimo parecem ser distintos dos preconizados tradicionalmente pela literatura.

Test sensitiveness and specificity were assessed by a transversal study of 120 people with diabetes 2, to diagnose alterations on body equilibrium, with or without a history of falls. Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation, Dynamics Gait Index and Falls Efficacy Scale ­ International were employed. The Falls Efficacy Scale ­ International had the largest area below the curve when analyzed alone for the alteration of body balance. When analyzed together with the other tests, Tinetti´s tool had the greatest area under the curve. Results were similar with regard to sensitiveness: Berg Balance Scale had the lowest specificity for the sample, followed by Dynamics Gait Index. Thus, when the instruments were individually analyzed, they were similarly sensitive. However, when analyzed simultanously, Tinetti´s scale was more discriminating, in spite of lack of significant difference among the tools. It may be suggested that, in the case of people with diabetes, the best cut-off points seemed to be distinct from those in the literature.

O efeito da cinesioterapia e hidrocinesioterapia sobre a dor, capacidade funcional e fadiga em mulheres com fibromialgia / The effect of kinesiotherapy and hydrokinesiotherapy on pain, functional capacity and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia

Introdução: A Fibromialgia (SFM) é definida como uma síndrome clínica que se caracteriza por dor difusa pelo corpo todo. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da cinesioterapia no solo e da hidrocinesioterapia na melhora da dor, fadiga muscular, e capacidade funcional desses pacientes. Métodos: É um estudo prospectivo cegado, onde foram avaliadas 17 pacientes do sexo feminino com SFM, e divididas em dois grupos: grupo I (cinesioterapia), e grupo II (hidrocinesioterapia). Avaliados através da EVA, escala de Chalder e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Resultados: Na avaliação da dor, a média da pré e pós reabilitação para Gi e GII foram 7,57±1,38 e 3,83±1,34 6,9±1,57 e 4,33±1,88 respectivamente. Quanto à capacidade funcional pré e pós reabilitação do GI foi 492,86±50,51 e 498,67±71,47. Para GII foi 460,30±46,09 546,17±56,16. Em relação a fadiga global pré pós reabilitação GI foi 3,5±0,5 e 1±1,5 do GII foi 3,5±0,5, e 2,5±0,95. Conclusão: Ambas as abordagens são eficazes no tratamento da SFM, porém, a cinesioterapia no solo foi mais eficaz na redução da dor e da fadiga. A melhora da capacidade funcional esteve mais relacionada a hidrocinesioterapia.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FMS) is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse pain throughout the body. Objective: to evaluate the effects of kinesiotherapy in soil and hydrokinesiotherapy in improving pain, muscle fatigue, and functional capacity of these patients. Methods: This is a prospective blinded study in which 17 female patients with FMS were divided into two groups: group I (kinesiotherapy) and group II (hydrokinesiotherapy). Evaluated through EVA, Chalder's scale and six-minute walk test. Results: In the evaluation of pain, the mean pre and post rehabilitation for Gi and GII were 7.57 ± 1.38 and 3.83 ± 1.34, 6.9 ± 1.57 and 4.33 ± 1.88. respectively. The functional capacity before and after rehabilitation of the GI was 492.86 ± 50.51 and 498.67 ± 71.47. For GII it was 460.30 ± 46.09 546.17 ± 56.16. Regarding the global pre-post rehabilitation GI fatigue was 3.5 ± 0.5 and 1 ± 1.5 GII was 3.5 ± 0.5, and 2.5 ± 0.95. Conclusion: Both approaches are effective in the treatment of FMS; however, ground kinesiotherapy has been more effective in reducing pain and fatigue. The improvement in functional capacity was more related to hydrokinesiotherapy.

Benefício do Método Pilates em mulheres com fibromialgia / Benefit Pilates Method in women with fibromyalgia

Introdução: A Síndrome da fibromialgia (SFM) é uma doença crônica com dor difusa. Objetivo - avaliar a eficácia do Método Pilates para a melhora da dor em pacientes com Fibromialgia. Método - Este estudo é prospectivo de autocontrole, os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após o tratamento por meio da algometria e da Escala Visual Analógica. A qualidade de vida por meio do Questionário Impacto da Fibromialgia (QIF) e o sono pelo Índice da Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. O programa de exercícios de Pilates no solo teve 15 sessões, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 60 minutos. Resultados ­ compuseram o estudo 20 mulheres com SDF, tempo de diagnóstico de 6±4 anos, quanto a QIF os pacientes melhoraram em todos os domínios. Foi encontrada correlação entre o impacto da fibromialgia com a qualidade do sono. Conclusão - Os efeitos do Método Pilates são positivos para redução da dor.

Introduction - Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease with diffuse pain. Objective - To assess the effectiveness of Pilates for pain relief in patients with fibromyalgia. Method - This study is a prospective self-control, patients were evaluated before and after treatment by algometry and Visual Analogue Scale. The quality of life through the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and sleep by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Pilates exercise program on the ground had 15 sessions, twice a week, during 60 minutes. Results - Composed these study 20 women with SDF, diagnosis time of 6 ± 4 years, as QIF patients improved in all areas. Correlation was found among the impact of fibromyalgia on the quality of sleep. Conclusion - The effects of Pilates are positive for reducing pain.

Impacto de um programa estruturado de hidrocinesioterapia em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho / Impact of a structured aquatic therapy program on patients with knee osteoarthritis

A osteoartrite é uma doença articular degenerativa, reumática crônica, multifatorial de alta prevalência, atinge 10% da população com mais de 65 anos. Afeta igualmente ambos os sexos, sendo que na mulher a incidência é maior após o período da menopausa. Esta doença compreende 65% das causas de incapacidade, atrás somente de doenças cardiovasculares e mentais. A reabilitação do paciente com artrose é um processo complexo que envolve procedimentos especializados Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de hidrocinesioterapia sobre a capacidade de realização de atividades da vida diária em pacientes com osteoartrite. Métodos: Este é um estudo prospectivo, onde vinte e seis pacientes com histórico de osteoartrite de joelho foram submetidos a um programa de tratamento em hidrocinesioterapia, com frequência de duas vezes por semana com duração de 50 minutos cada sessão. O programa consistia de quatro fases, sendo elas: aquecimento, alongamento, fortalecimento e relaxamento. Estes pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós-tratamento. Utilizando como método de avaliação a goniometria, escala de dor EVA e Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos. Resultados: Houve melhora significante da amplitude de movimento ao realizar flexão dos joelhos acometidos, também foi visto diminuição significativa da dor e melhora significante na capacidade de realização das atividades de vida diária avaliada por meio da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Conclusão: Houve melhora da capacidade de realizar AVD e da capacidade física, assim como redução do quadro álgico e aumento da amplitude de movimento

Osteoarthritis is a pervasive, chronic rheumatic, multifactorial, degenerative joint disease, afflicting 10% of the population over 65 years of age. It affects both genders, and in women the incidence is higher after menopause. This disease comprises 65% of the causes of disability, exceeded only by cardiovascular and mental disorders. The rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis is a complex process that involves specialized procedures Objective: To evaluate the effects of a hydrotherapy program on the ability to perform activities of daily living in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: This is a prospective study where twenty-six patients with knee osteoarthritis history underwent a treatment program in aquatic therapy, often twice a week lasting 50 minutes each session. The program consisted of four phases, namely: warming up, stretching, strengthening, and relaxation. These patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Assessments were done with the goniometer, EVA pain scale, and Six Minute Walk Test. Results: There was significant improvement in range of motion when performing flexion of the affected knees, as well as a significant decrease in pain and a significant improvement in the ability to perform the activities of daily living, assessed by the distance walked in the six-minute walk test. Conclusion: There was an improved ability to perform ADLs and inn physical capacity, as well as reduced pain and increased range of motion

Como o estilo de vida tem sido avaliado: revisão sistemática / How life style has been evaluated: a systematic review

O estilo de vida corresponde ao conjunto de hábitos e costumes que são influenciados e modificados que podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sobre os métodos que têm sido utilizados para a avaliação do estilo de vida, assim como identificar o que tem sido considerado como estilo de vida saudável. Método: Este estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática sobre os possíveis métodos de avaliação do estilo de vida e hábitos que são considerados estilo de vida saudável. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO, e busca livre no Google acadêmico, como os seguintes descritores: "estilo de vida" "estilo de vida saudável". Resultados: foram encontrados 142 artigos, sobre estilo de vida saudável, 105 não preencheram os critérios estabelecidos, 28 foram considerados elegíveis e foram incluídos no estudo, 10 tinham amostra randomizados, e um pseudo-randomizada, 17 não havia aleatorização no processo. Entre os artigos selecionados havia quatro propostas para validar instrumentos de avaliação de estilo de vida, e uma revisão sistemática. Os instrumentos utilizados nestes estudos não eram muito confiáveis para avaliar estilo de vida, os métodos destes apresentaram baixa responsividade. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que o estilo de vida saudável deve ser iniciado precocemente e continuar durante toda a vida, e as principais ações relacionadas a um estilo de vida saudável, controle de parâmetros metabólico, realizar atividades física, e alimentação saudável, entretanto os instrumentos de avaliação do estilo de vida ainda são pobre na capacidade de resposta

The term lifestyle corresponds to the set of habits and customs that can be influenced and modified and which can contribute to promoting health. Objective: This study was to make a systematic review on the subject of lifestyle, what methods have been used to evaluate lifestyle, and what is considered a healthy lifestyle. Method: This study consisted of a systematic review on the possible methods of evaluating the lifestyle and habits of what is considered healthy lifestyle. The survey was conducted in electronic databases, national and international, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SciELO, and free search on Google Brazil, by consulting the following descriptors: "life style" associated with "healthy. Results: We found 142 articles published between 1990 and 2012, 105 of which did not meet the established criteria, 28 were considered eligible and were included in the study, 10 used randomized and pseudo-randomized samples, and 17 were not randomized. Among the articles selected, there were four proposals to validate lifestyle-assessment instruments, and one systematic review. The instruments used were not very reliable for assessing lifestyle, and their methods were not responsive. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate the importance of a healthy lifestyle and that it be started early and continued throughout life; they define the main actions related to a healthy lifestyle as well as control of metabolic parameters, physical activities, and healthy eating, but the lifestyle-evaluation instruments are still poor in responsiveness

Aspectos sociais relacionados ao tabagismo em idosos assistidos de Saúde da Família / Social aspects related to smoking in an elderly population attending the health family program

O aumento do consumo do tabaco ocorreu no séc. XX, mais difundido nas décadas de 50-60, havendo, no Brasil, decréscimo do seu uso na década de 1990. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os aspectos sociais relacionados ao uso do tabaco em idosos e avaliar os principais fatores sociais que levaram a este hábito. Incluídos neste estudo 160 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, divididos em dois grupos: não tabagistas (G1) (N=80) e tabagistas (G2) (N=80), estes com história de tabagismo superior a 20 maços/ano, e que não apresentavam demência ou condições que os impossibilitassem responder aos instrumentos de coleta de dados. Todos os participantes recebiam atendimento no Programa de Saúde da Família da região do Capão Redondo, cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. A média da idade foi de 66,7+ 5,95 e 67+13 anos, e a idade mínima e máxima, de 60 e 80 anos, nos G1 e G2, respectivamente. A média de moradores por residência foi de 3,45 + 1,57 e 4,6 +2,1, nos G1 e G2, respectivamente. Havia mais idosos fumantes com menor acesso a recursos financeiros e à educação, sendo o risco para um indivíduo analfabeto se tornar fumante foi significantemente maior do que para aquele portador de curso superior, também foi visto que pais e amigos que fumam foram os fatores de risco significantemente mais fortes para que os idosos tivessem começado a fumar. O tabagismo traz repercussão social importante sobre as famílias.(AU)

Smoking habits increase occurred in the XX century, especially in the 50-60ths decades; countries like Brazil and Spain, among others, saw a significant decrease of its consume in the 1990ths decade; however, social repercussions were harmful for a long period of time. Objectives: Assess the social aspects related in an elderly population; evaluate the main social factors that led to smoking.One hundred and sixty subjects with 60 or more years were included into two groups: non-smoking (G1) (N=80) and smoking (G2)(N=80) groups; both had a smoking history over 20 packs/years, e.g., equivalent of one smoked pack per day for 20 years; and also those who did not present dementia or any condition that would not allow them to respond the questionnaires applied in the study. All subjects included attended the health family program in the Capão Redondo region, São Paulo (SP) city, Brazil. Mean age was: 66.7+ 5.95 and 67+13 years G1 and G2, minimum and maximum age was 60 and 80 years old, respectively. Mean house residents were: 3.45 + 1.57 and 4.6 +2.1 of G1 and G2, respectively, having more smokers with lower financial and educational resources; an illiterate presented a significant higher risk then a subject with completed undergraduation. Smoking brings important social repercussions over families; parents/friends that smoke are significant stronger related risk factors for other people to start smoking.(AU)

Aspectos sociais relacionados ao tabagismo em idosos assistidos de Saúde da Família / Social aspects related to smoking in an elderly population attending the health family program

O aumento do consumo do tabaco ocorreu no séc. XX, mais difundido nas décadas de 50-60, havendo, no Brasil, decréscimo do seu uso na década de 1990. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os aspectos sociais relacionados ao uso do tabaco em idosos e avaliar os principais fatores sociais que levaram a este hábito. Incluídos neste estudo 160 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, divididos em dois grupos: não tabagistas (G1) (N=80) e tabagistas (G2) (N=80), estes com história de tabagismo superior a 20 maços/ano, e que não apresentavam demência ou condições que os impossibilitassem responder aos instrumentos de coleta de dados. Todos os participantes recebiam atendimento no Programa de Saúde da Família da região do Capão Redondo, cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. A média da idade foi de 66,7+ 5,95 e 67+13 anos, e a idade mínima e máxima, de 60 e 80 anos, nos G1 e G2, respectivamente. A média de moradores por residência foi de 3,45 + 1,57 e 4,6 +2,1, nos G1 e G2, respectivamente. Havia mais idosos fumantes com menor acesso a recursos financeiros e à educação, sendo o risco para um indivíduo analfabeto se tornar fumante foi significantemente maior do que para aquele portador de curso superior, também foi visto que pais e amigos que fumam foram os fatores de risco significantemente mais fortes para que os idosos tivessem começado a fumar. O tabagismo traz repercussão social importante sobre as famílias.

Smoking habits increase occurred in the XX century, especially in the 50-60ths decades; countries like Brazil and Spain, among others, saw a significant decrease of its consume in the 1990ths decade; however, social repercussions were harmful for a long period of time. Objectives: Assess the social aspects related in an elderly population; evaluate the main social factors that led to smoking.One hundred and sixty subjects with 60 or more years were included into two groups: non-smoking (G1) (N=80) and smoking (G2)(N=80) groups; both had a smoking history over 20 packs/years, e.g., equivalent of one smoked pack per day for 20 years; and also those who did not present dementia or any condition that would not allow them to respond the questionnaires applied in the study. All subjects included attended the health family program in the Capão Redondo region, São Paulo (SP) city, Brazil. Mean age was: 66.7+ 5.95 and 67+13 years G1 and G2, minimum and maximum age was 60 and 80 years old, respectively. Mean house residents were: 3.45 + 1.57 and 4.6 +2.1 of G1 and G2, respectively, having more smokers with lower financial and educational resources; an illiterate presented a significant higher risk then a subject with completed undergraduation. Smoking brings important social repercussions over families; parents/friends that smoke are significant stronger related risk factors for other people to start smoking.

Comparative analysis between the alveolar recruitment maneuver and breath stacking technique in patients with acute lung injury.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the alveolar recruitment maneuver and the breath stacking technique with respect to lung mechanics and gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury. METHODS: Thirty patients were distributed into two groups: Group 1 - breath stacking; and Group 2 - alveolar recruitment maneuver. After undergoing conventional physical therapy, all patients received both treatments with an interval of 1 day between them. In the first group, the breath stacking technique was used initially, and subsequently, the alveolar recruitment maneuver was applied. Group 2 patients were initially subjected to alveolar recruitment, followed by the breath stacking technique. Measurements of lung compliance and airway resistance were evaluated before and after the use of both techniques. Gas analyses were collected before and after the techniques were used to evaluate oxygenation and gas exchange. RESULTS: Both groups had a significant increase in static compliance after breath stacking (p=0.021) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.03), but with no significant differences between the groups (p=0.95). The dynamic compliance did not increase for the breath stacking (p=0.22) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.074) groups, with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.11). The airway resistance did not decrease for either groups, i.e., breath stacking (p=0.91) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.82), with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.39). The partial pressure of oxygen increased significantly after breath stacking (p=0.013) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.04), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.073). The alveolar-arterial O2 difference decreased for both groups after the breath stacking (p=0.025) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.03) interventions, and there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.81). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the breath stacking and alveolar recruitment techniques are effective in improving the lung mechanics and gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury.

Análise comparativa entre a manobra de recrutamento alveolar e a técnica de breath stacking em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda / Comparative analysis between the alveolar recruitment maneuver and breath stacking technique in patients with acute lung injury

Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia da manobra de recrutamento alveolar e a técnica de breath stacking, na mecânica pulmonar e na troca gasosa, em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda. Métodos: Trinta pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - breath stacking e Grupo 2 - manobra de recrutamento alveolar. Após receberem atendimento de fisioterapia convencional, todos os pacientes receberam ambos os tratamentos, com intervalo de 1 dia entre eles. No primeiro grupo foi aplicada primeiramente a técnica de breath stacking e, posteriormente, a manobra de recrutamento alveolar. Já os pacientes do segundo Grupo 2 foram submetidos inicialmente ao recrutamento alveolar e, após, a técnica de breath stacking. Foram avaliadas as medidas de complacência pulmonar e de resistência de vias aéreas antes e após a aplicação de ambas as técnicas. Foram coletadas gasometrias arteriais pré e pós-técnicas para avaliar a oxigenação e a troca gasosa. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram aumento significativo da complacência estática após breath stacking (p=0,021) e recrutamento alveolar (p=0,03), mas não houve diferença entre eles (p=0,95). A complacência dinâmica não aumentou para os grupos breath stacking (p=0,22) e recrutamento alveolar (p=0,074), sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,11). A resistência de vias aéreas não diminuiu para ambos os grupos: breath stacking (p=0,91) e recrutamento alveolar (0,82), sem diferença entre os grupos p=0,39. A pressão parcial de oxigênio aumentou significantemente após breath stacking (p=0,013) e recrutamento alveolar (p=0,04); mas entre os grupos não houve diferença (p=0,073). A diferença alvéolo arterial de O2 diminuiu para ambos os grupos após intervenções breath stacking (p=0,025) ...

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the alveolar recruitment maneuver and the breath stacking technique with respect to lung mechanics and gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury. Methods: Thirty patients were distributed into two groups: Group 1 - breath stacking; and Group 2 - alveolar recruitment maneuver. After undergoing conventional physical therapy, all patients received both treatments with an interval of 1 day between them. In the first group, the breath stacking technique was used initially, and subsequently, the alveolar recruitment maneuver was applied. Group 2 patients were initially subjected to alveolar recruitment, followed by the breath stacking technique. Measurements of lung compliance and airway resistance were evaluated before and after the use of both techniques. Gas analyses were collected before and after the techniques were used to evaluate oxygenation and gas exchange. Results: Both groups had a significant increase in static compliance after breath stacking (p=0.021) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.03), but with no significant differences between the groups (p=0.95). The dynamic compliance did not increase for the breath stacking (p=0.22) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.074) groups, with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.11). The airway resistance did not decrease for either groups, i.e., breath stacking (p=0.91) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.82), with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.39). The partial pressure of oxygen increased significantly after breath stacking (p=0.013) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.04), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.073). The alveolar-arterial O2 difference decreased for both groups after the breath stacking (p=0.025) and alveolar recruitment (p=0.03) interventions, and there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.81). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the breath stacking and alveolar ...

Effect of hydrotherapy on quality of life, functional capacity and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia affects 8% of the population over the age of 40 years, and 75% of the patients with fibromyalgia have poor sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of hydrotherapy on the physical function and sleep quality of patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Patients were under clinical care at the UNASP Outpatient Clinic. This study assessed 60 female patients with fibromyalgia aged between 30 and 65 years. Out of the 60 patients assessed, 20 were excluded and 10 left the study because they could not comply with the time schedule. All patients completed the following questionnaires: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Training sessions were performed twice a week for two months, each session lasting 60 minutes. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 45 years, 66% were active workers, and 34% had quit work. Right after the hydrotherapy program, the patients improved the following aspects assessed by use of the FIQ: physical function, work absenteeism, ability to do job, pain intensity, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness (P < 0.0001), anxiety (P = 0,0013), and depression (P < 0.0001). Sleep quality (P < 0.0001) and daytime sleepiness (P = 0.0003) also improved. CONCLUSION: Hydrotherapy improves sleep quality, physical function, professional status, psychological disorders and physical symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

Efeito da hidrocinesioterapia sobre qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e qualidade do sono em pacientes com fibromialgia / Effect of hydrotherapy on quality of life, functional capacity and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome da fibromialgia acomete 8% da população com mais de 40 anos de idade. Dos pacientes com fibromialgia, 75% queixam-se de má qualidade do sono. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da hidrocinesioterapia sobre a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de sono em pacientes com fibromialgia. MÉTODOS: As pacientes foram atendidas na policlínica da UNASP. Foram avaliadas 60 pacientes portadoras de fibromialgia na faixa etária entre 30 e 65 anos. Das pacientes avaliadas, 20 foram excluídas e 10 desistiram devido à impossibilidade de apresentar-se no horário do programa de exercícios. Todas as pacientes responderam aos seguintes questionários: Questionário sobre o Impacto daFibromialgia (QIF), Índice da Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. As sessões foram realizadas duas vezes por semana, com duração de 60 minutos cada, por um período de dois meses. RESULTADOS: A média da idade das pacientes foi de 45 anos; 66% eram trabalhadoras ativas e 34% estavam afastadas do trabalho. Verificouse que imediatamente após participarem do programa da hidrocinesioterapia, as pacientes apresentaram melhora nos seguintes aspectos avaliados por meio do QIF: capacidade funcional, absenteísmo ao trabalho, capacidade de serviço, intensidade da dor, fadiga, cansaço matinal, rigidez (P < 0,0001), ansiedade (P = 0,0013) e depressão (P < 0,0001). Houve também melhora da qualidade do sono (P < 0,0001) e no grau de sonolência diurna (P = 0,0003). CONCLUSÃO: A hidrocinesioterapia promove melhora de qualidade do sono, capacidade funcional, situação profissional, distúrbio psicológicos e sintomas físicos da síndrome em pacientes com fibromialgia.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia affects 8% of the population over the age of 40 years, and 75% of the patients with fibromyalgia have poor sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of hydrotherapy on the physical function and sleep quality of patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Patients were under clinical care at the UNASP Outpatient Clinic. This study assessed 60 female patients with fibromyalgia aged between 30 and 65 years. Out of the 60 patients assessed, 20 were excluded and 10 left the study because they could not comply with the time schedule. All patients completed the following questionnaires: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Training sessions were performed twice a week for two months, each session lasting 60 minutes. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 45 years, 66% were active workers, and 34% had quit work. Right after the hydrotherapy program, the patients improved the following aspects assessed by use of the FIQ: physical function, work absenteeism, ability to do job, pain intensity, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness (P < 0.0001), anxiety (P = 0,0013), and depression (P < 0.0001). Sleep quality (P < 0.0001) and daytime sleepiness (P = 0.0003) also improved. CONCLUSION: Hydrotherapy improves sleep quality, physical function, professional status, psychological disorders and physical symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

Evaluación de la musculatura respiratoria en la predicción del resultado de la extubación de pacientes con ictus / Respiratory Muscle Assessment in Predicting Extubation Outcome in Patients With Stroke

Antecedentes: Los pacientes con infarto cerebral presentan a menudo un deterioro del nivel de conciencia que hace que la extubación no sea satisfactoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los componentes de la mecánica respiratoria que pudieran estar relacionados con el éxito de la extubación en pacientes con ictus. Métodos: Se incluyó en el estudio a 20 pacientes consecutivos con ictus que necesitaron apoyo de ventilación mecánica. Se efectuaron determinaciones de la presión inspiratoria máxima, la presión gástrica y esofágica (Pdi/Pdimáx), el volumen-minuto, la frecuencia respiratoria, la elasticidad estática, la resistencia de las vías aéreas (RAW), el índice de respiración rápida y superficial (RSRI), la relación tiempo inspiratorio/tiempo de ciclo respiratorio total (Ti/Ttot) y la PaO2/FiO2. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes que pudieron ser extubados con éxito tenía un tiempo de permanencia en ventilación mecánica de 12,5±2,2días, en comparación con 13,1±2días en el grupo en el que fracasó el proceso de extubación. La media Ti/Ttot y de Pdi/Pdimáx en el grupo de fracaso de la extubación fue de 0,4±0,08 (0,36 a 0,44) y de 0,5±0,7 (0,43 a 0,56), respectivamente. La relación Ti/Ttot fue de 0,37±0,05 (0,34 a 0,41; p=0,0008) y la relación Pdi/Pdimáx fue de 0,25±0,05 en el grupo de extubación satisfactoria (0,21 a 0,28; p<0,0001). Se observó una correlación entre la relación Pdi/Pdimáx y el RSRI (r=0,55; p=0,009) y la PaO2/FiO2 (r=-0,59; p=0,005). Los pacientes que tenían valores altos de RSRI (OR, 3,66; p=0,004) y Pdi (OR, 7,3; p=0,002) o valores bajos de PaO2/FiO2 (OR, 4,09; p=0,007), Pdi/Pdimáx (OR, 4,12; p=0,002) y RAW (OR, 3,0; p=0,02) presentaron un fracaso de la extubación de la ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: El índice de fatiga muscular es una variable predictiva importante del proceso de extubación en pacientes con ictus en los que se ha utilizado una ventilación mecánica prolongada(AU)

Background: Patients with cerebral infarction often present impaired consciousness and unsatisfactory extubation. We aimed to assess the respiratory mechanics components that might be associated with the success of extubation in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with stroke who needed mechanical ventilation support were enrolled. The maximal inspiratory pressure, gastric and the esophageal pressure (Pdi/Pdimax), minute volume, respiratory rate, static compliance, airway resistance, rapid and superficial respiration index (RSRI), inspiratory time/total respiratory cycle (Ti/Ttot), and PaO2/FiO2 were measured. Results: The group who presented success to the extubation process presented 12.5±2.2=days in mechan-ical ventilation and the group who failed presented 13.1±2=days. The mean Ti/Ttot and Pdi/Pdimax for the failure group was 0.4±0.08 (0.36-0.44) and 0.5±0.7 (0.43-0.56), respectively. The Ti/Ttot ratio was 0.37±0.05 (0.34-0.41; p=0.0008) and the Pdi/Pdimax was 0.25±0.05 for the success group (0.21-0.28; p<0.0001). A correlation was found between Pdi/Pdimax ratio and the RSRI (r=0.55; p=0.009) and PaO2/FiO2 (r=−0.59; p=0.005). Patients who presented a high RSRI (OR, 3.66; p=0.004) and Pdi (OR, 7.3; p=0.002), and low PaO2/FIO2 (OR, 4.09; p=0.007), Pdi/Pdimax (OR, 4.12; p=0.002) and RAW (OR, 3.0; p=0.02) developed mechanical ventilation extubation failure. Conclusion: Muscular fatigue index is an important predicting variable to the extubation process in prolonged mechanical ventilation of stroke patients(AU)

Respiratory muscle assessment in predicting extubation outcome in patients with stroke.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cerebral infarction often present impaired consciousness and unsatisfactory extubation. We aimed to assess the respiratory mechanics components that might be associated with the success of extubation in stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with stroke who needed mechanical ventilation support were enrolled. The maximal inspiratory pressure, gastric and the esophageal pressure (Pdi/Pdimax), minute volume, respiratory rate, static compliance, airway resistance, rapid and superficial respiration index (RSRI), inspiratory time/total respiratory cycle (Ti/Ttot), and PaO(2)/FiO(2) were measured. RESULTS: The group who presented success to the extubation process presented 12.5±2.2=days in mechanical ventilation and the group who failed presented 13.1±2=days. The mean Ti/Ttot and Pdi/Pdimax for the failure group was 0.4±0.08 (0.36-0.44) and 0.5±0.7 (0.43-0.56), respectively. The Ti/Ttot ratio was 0.37±0.05 (0.34-0.41; p=0.0008) and the Pdi/Pdimax was 0.25±0.05 for the success group (0.21-0.28; p<0.0001). A correlation was found between Pdi/Pdimax ratio and the RSRI (r=0.55; p=0.009) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) (r=-0.59; p=0.005). Patients who presented a high RSRI (OR, 3.66; p=0.004) and Pdi (OR, 7.3; p=0.002), and low PaO(2)/FIO(2) (OR, 4.09; p=0.007), Pdi/Pdimax (OR, 4.12; p=0.002) and RAW (OR, 3.0; p=0.02) developed mechanical ventilation extubation failure. CONCLUSION: Muscular fatigue index is an important predicting variable to the extubation process in prolonged mechanical ventilation of stroke patients.

WITHDRAWN: Respiratory Muscle Assessment in Predicting Extubation Outcome in Patients With Stroke.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, doi:10.1016/j.arbr.2012.06.007. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.

Daily activities are sufficient to induce dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure dynamic lung hyperinflation and its influence on dyspnea perception in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after performing activities of daily living. METHODS: We measured inspiratory capacity, sensation of dyspnea, peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate in 19 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. These measurements were taken at rest and after performing activities of daily living (e.g., going up and down a set of stairs, going up and down a ramp and sweeping and mopping a room). RESULT: The inspiratory capacity of patients at rest was significantly decreased compared to the capacity of patients after performing activities. The change in inspiratory capacity was -0.67 L after going up and down a ramp, -0.46 L after sweeping and mopping a room, and -0.55 L after climbing up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception increased significantly between rest, sweeping and mopping, and going up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception correlated positively with inspiratory capacity variation (r = 0.85) and respiratory rate (r = 0.37) and negatively with peripheral oxygen saturation (r = -0.28). CONCLUSION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients exhibited reductions in inspiratory capacity and increases in dyspnea perception during commonly performed activities of daily living, which may limit physical performance in these patients.

Daily activities are sufficient to induce dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure dynamic lung hyperinflation and its influence on dyspnea perception in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after performing activities of daily living. METHODS: We measured inspiratory capacity, sensation of dyspnea, peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate in 19 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. These measurements were taken at rest and after performing activities of daily living (e.g., going up and down a set of stairs, going up and down a ramp and sweeping and mopping a room). RESULT: The inspiratory capacity of patients at rest was significantly decreased compared to the capacity of patients after performing activities. The change in inspiratory capacity was -0.67 L after going up and down a ramp, -0.46 L after sweeping and mopping a room, and -0.55 L after climbing up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception increased significantly between rest, sweeping and mopping, and going up and down a set of stairs. Dyspnea perception correlated positively with inspiratory capacity variation (r = 0.85) and respiratory rate (r = 0.37) and negatively with peripheral oxygen saturation (r = -0.28). CONCLUSION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients exhibited reductions in inspiratory capacity and increases in dyspnea perception during commonly performed activities of daily living, which may limit physical performance in these patients.